Recommended for
Recommended for
Founders needing maximum growth potential, liability protection, and the ability to attract investors. Best for startups that plan to raise money, distribute equity to employees, and either sell or IPO within 5-10 years.
Owners who primarily want pass-through taxation and liability protection. Best for companies that plan to stay small to mid-size and startups that will not require outside investment.
Best for founders optimizing for
Best for founders optimizing for
Growth, long-term savings
Short-term savings
Corporate ownership
Corporate ownership
Shareholders
Members
Limited liability protection
Limited liability protection
Unlimited number of owners
Unlimited number of owners
Intellectual Property (IP) protection
Intellectual Property (IP) protection
Required by investors
Designed to easily distribute ownership (stock) to attract investors, advisors, and employees
Designed to easily distribute ownership (stock) to attract investors, advisors, and employees
Structural flexibility
Structural flexibility
More standardized — Built around best practices well-understood by investors, like ownership that is represented by stock, governance by a Board, and officers to handle the day-to-day.
Extremely flexible — Very few restrictions around governance structure, voting rights, etc. This can cause lengthy due diligence work on the behalf of the investor during fundraising.
Taxation
Taxation
Corporate taxes — The corporation is taxed on its net income, and shareholders are personally taxed on any dividends received and on capital gains when they sell their stock. Since almost
all startups reinvest revenue back into the company for at least the first few years, there are generally no profits to tax at either level.
Pass-through taxation — Owners pay personal income tax on income generated from the business. This means owners of LLCs operating at a loss can reduce their taxable net income.
Pass-through tax advantage
Pass-through tax advantage
C-corps can elect pass-through status through the subchapter S Election. Best for initially founder-funded startups1.
Inherent to LLCs.
Qualified Small Business Stock (QSBS) tax credit
Qualified Small Business Stock (QSBS) tax credit
In the event of an exit, eligible shareholders are not taxed on the first $10 million of
capital gains2.
Not eligible.