Big Obvious Failure is Better Than Long Slow Lack of Success

Steve Blank has a good post today called Failure and Redemption, which he introduces with this:

Steve Blank, failure

We give abundant advice to founders about how to make startups succeed yet we offer few models about dealing with failure. So here’s mine.

Steve’s experience was Rocket Science Games, which raised $35 million and a cover story in Wired Magazine before failing. He writes about shock, denial, anger, blame, depression, acceptance, and, finally, insight. 

At least it was clear and present failure. Very visible failure with the big raise, big press, and then the big crash at the end. 

Not one of those much-more-common long drawn-out failures that end up taking years of slow quicksand-like decline.  Lots of smaller raises, pivots, restructuring, clinging to hope, and frustration. With no real path to success but no exit either. 

Not having the option of continuing can be a blessing. Take the write-off, swallow hard, and do something else. Persistence and perseverance can be overrated.

Tim Berry , Founder, Palo Alto Software
February 26th, 2013 0

Is the Startups Buzz Dimming?

Is the bloom off of the startups rose? Two days ago the New York Times published this story about investors getting pickier.

Investors pickier on startups

I think the NYTimes’ headline is slightly off from the story’s content. It’s not that much about a rocky recent past; it’s more about money being too easy in the recent past, and now, as a natural result, things get tighter because “easy” money doesn’t always mean enough of the due diligence and thought to make good deals.

This is what I hear from my own sources. I had a conversation over the weekend, before either of us had seen the NYTimes story, about startups going down, even giving back investors’ money. The gist of it was that money had been too easy. 

Despite its headline, the story quotes several people along those lines, For example:  

Earlier, entrepreneurs didn’t need a real monetization strategy,” said Brian O’Malley, an early investor at Battery Ventures. “They could punt on revenue indefinitely because their investment dollars were their revenue. They could fund their start-ups with funding versus customers.

And this one:

Part of the problem is simple math. Angel investors seed businesses with small sums, often less than $1.5 million. But to grow a business, entrepreneurs eventually have to solicit financing from the venture capitalists who invest on behalf of endowments, pension funds, foundations and the like. And while the number of angels eager to write checks has increased, the number of active venture capitalists has decreased.

And my favorite, indicating a classic reality check: 

The realities of building an enduring business are starting to sink in. “It has never been easier to start a company, and never harder to build one,” said David Lee, a venture capitalist at SV Angel, an early-stage investment firm.

One group that doesn’t lose, in this scenario, is the subset of startups funded in 2012 that have launched successfully and are doing well. The view is always better from the eyes of a head standing up above the rest of the crowd. 

What do you think? 

Tim Berry , Founder, Palo Alto Software
January 15th, 2013 1

On Why We’re Pivoting from Mobile-first to Web-first

Consider this (emphasis is mine):

Ads are the Internet’s tax on users who want free apps and websites. Allmost all free apps and services have ads. Ad-supported companies are akin to the government in the sense that they are both really good at finding ways to charge you without it seemingly coming out of your pocket. Many people’s taxes are taken automatically out of their payroll, so they don’t think of that money as being theirs to begin with. Similarly, we feel like everything that we don’t directly pay money for on the Internet is free, but that is simply not true.

That quote’s from Vibhu Norby, in Why We’re Pivoting from Mobile-first to Web-first.  He goes on:

Unlike taxes, however, ad-based services target lower-income and lower-education audiences because that’s where they make all of their money … What’s the cost to the user? The cost is the loss of privacy, and future opportunities for the user that they’ve lost as a result. Those opportunities can cost tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars as well as future happiness.

Is this a business decision based on ground-level fundamental ethics? What’s good for people or bad for people? No, not exactly. It’s about chances of success:

We want to place our chips where we believe we have the best chance of succeeding based on our theories and data. For us, mobile is not that place, which is why our new product is going to be launching web-first in the next couple months, with mobile as a companion app. We are taking a big bet on the web and the Internet in general, as you’ll see by how it functions. We are also going revenue-first because we believe in privacy and we’re willing to trade a smaller, slower-growing audience for it. Our new product will cost you money, so you can be assured that it doesn’t cost you something else.

Vibhu’s post makes very good reading. Fundamentals: web vs. mobile, ad-supported vs. free. 

Tim Berry , Founder, Palo Alto Software
December 18th, 2012 1

What is an effective “pre-incorporation-agreement” between possible founders of a startup?

The bottom line is that the very question you are asking is one of the trickiest things of all when it comes to startup founding.  On the one hand, if you DON’T make things explicitly clear up front, you are just begging for a future disaster by ‘kicking the can down the road’. On the other hand, if everything is locked in stone before you even start, you may find yourself with a completely untenable structure even six or twelve months out, when it becomes clear that not everyone is contributing as much as you all envisioned at the outset.

It’s sort of a case of “damned if you do, and damned if you don’t”. That said, it’s infinitely better to have a structure which at least provides a framework for taking action, otherwise you may well lose your money, your friends and your company. My suggestion? If this really has the potential to turn into a company (instead of just a school project) find a local lawyer who specializes in this stuff, and who will be willing to help you do a simple incorporation document for a few hundred dollars. Then sit down with your co-founders and divvy up the equity based on the contributions you all believe each of you will make…providing for reverse vesting, a large option pool, and a clear decision-making structure.

Good luck!

*original post can be found on Quora @ : http://www.quora.com/David-S-Rose/answers *

What are the downsides of communicating a key differentiation in your name?

One reason is that because of rapidly changing nature of business, today’s competitive advantage can easily become tomorrow’s disadvantage…or at least irrelevancy.

Think about how useful the name Tote.com would be for a shopping site developing a social-sharing universal shopping bag/cart. Pretty cool, huh? But what happens when that doesn’t work particularly well so they pivot to socially-sharing images? Wouldn’t, um, “Pinterest.com” be a little more useful?

Similarly, “stickybits.com” is perfect for a QR code tagging site, but doesn’t work nearly as well as “turntable.fm” once it turns into a collaborative music-playing site. Or “FundingUniverse.com” needing to change to “Lendio.com” when they pivoted from equity to debt.

Of course, you can try to game the system and figure out in advance where you’ll be AFTER you pivot and extend your line of business. But then you end up with a heck of a lot of customers trying to figure out why a mail order DVD rental company is called “netflix.com“.

Through painful experience, many industry professionals have learned that it usually makes more sense to go generic and ambiguous, allowing your genius marketers to add the meaning to simple, catchy URLs.

That’s why instead of naming your PEZ dispenser trading site “pezheads.com“, you’d probably be better off with “eBay.com“. Or instead of using “cheapbooks.com” for your online discount bookseller, a better choice might be the more flexible “Amazon.com“.

*original post can be found on Quora @ : http://www.quora.com/David-S-Rose/answers *

On the Paradox Consistency vs. Pivot

One of the more stubborn problems in building a business is the paradox of consistency vs. the pivot. 

Consider this: It’s better to have a mediocre strategy consistently applied over three or more years than a series of brilliant strategies, each applied for six months or so. But too often people get bored with consistency and drop a working strategy long before the market understands it.

And on the other hand, there’s the brick wall. Maybe it’s the futility of trying to implement a flawed strategy. Maybe it was a good strategy but depended on assumptions that changed.

And there’s the problem: is it time to pivot? Or has a good plan been poorly executed? Or has a good plan been well executed and simply needs more time? 

One good way to deal with it is focusing on the assumptions. Identify the key assumptions and whether or not they’ve changed. When assumptions have changed there is no virtue whatsoever in sticking to the plan you built on top of them. Use your common sense. Were you wrong about the whole thing, or just about timing? Has something else happened, like market problems or disruptive technology, or competition, to change your basic assumptions?

As a business planner, I’ve always disliked “because that’s the plan” thinking. Plan should be fluid and flexible. Plans should be reviewed and revised. Sticking with the plan thinking explains in part why some business experts question the value of the business plan. That’s sloppy thinking, in my opinion, confusing the value of the planning with the mistake of implementing a plan without change or review, just because it’s the plan.

Do not revise your plan glibly. Remember that some of the best strategies take longer to implement. Remember also that you’re living with it every day; it is naturally going to seem old to you, and boring, and sometimes it just takes longer to develop. 

But don’t stick to your plan either. That in itself isn’t a virtue. 

That’s why they put people in charge, instead of formulas, algorithms, or cliches. 

Tim Berry , Founder, Palo Alto Software
September 11th, 2012 1

Is it common for startups to have a president? Why or why not?

Startups usually begin with one or two founders who play many roles. The lead founder is likely to wear the hats of Founder, Chairman, CEO, President, CFO, CRO and CMO, while a co-founder may well be CTO, Chief Product Officer, and Programming Team Lead.

As the company grows and brings on more people, even in cases where everyone wants to keep the organization ‘flat’, it simply becomes too unwieldy for the CEO to have more than six or so direct reports, or for the CTO to both code everything personally AND design/plan the product line AND be involved at the larger, strategic level. So as more skills are needed, the founder(s) tend to spread out the responsibilities, pushing responsibility down the chain to newly hired CFOs, CMOs, etc.

The “President” role would typically not appear as an independent title until sometime post-Series A, when the CEO may be supervising a team of four to six CXOs while at the same time being the primary ‘outside’ person speaking for the company, dealing with investors and handling long-term strategy. At that point, it would not be at all unusual for the CEO and the board to agree that it makes sense to bring on a President (often with the added title of “Chief Operating Officer”) to handle most or all of the direct reports internally, while the CEO focuses on the Big Vision, the outward-facing relationships, and the company culture.

In virtually all cases of which I am aware, the President reports to the CEO, who in turn reports to the board. It would not be at all unusual, however, for the President to have his/her own seat on the Board as well.

*original post can be found on Quora @ : http://www.quora.com/David-S-Rose/answers *